Acta Psychologica Sinica

Abstract

25 intellectually super-normal children (aged 6 yrs 10 months) were compared with 25 intellectually normal children (aged 6 yrs 11 months) on 4 Elementary Cognitive Tasks (ECTs), which included Choice Reaction Time (CRT), Logo Matching (LMRT), Mental Rotation (MR), and Abstract Matching (AM). The supernormal Ss were from an experimental class in a primary school in Beijing, and the normal Ss were selected randomly from a class in the same grade of the same school. The reaction time and correct ratio of Ss in each task were recorded with computer automatically. The results showed that: 1) The supernormal group performed better than the normal group in ETCs either by shorter RT or greater accuracy; 2) The SIP difference between the two group children is associated with the complexity of the task. In the first two ECTs (CRT & LMRT), the supernormal children react with shorter RT, and in LMRT, the more complex the task is, the more significant the difference is; But in the last two ETCs (MR & AM), the supernormal children react with greater accuracy, and in MR, the more complex the task is, the more significant the difference is; 3) The task complexity affects the reaction time and accuracy ratio of both the supernormal and normal children group, but in different ways. With the increase of complexity, the reaction times of both the normal and supernormal children were prolonged. At the same time, the accuracy ratio of the ratio of the normal group children declined but that of the supernormal children kept stable in a rather high lever.

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