Abstract
Although punishment is often used to suppress behavior, it does not always work. Why? Behavioral studies of punishment have identified some ways to make punishment effective. However, in real life, where humanistic and legal concerns are important, punishment often cannot be implemented in the most effective way. Hence, punishment, when implemented alone, often does not work. This article points out that behavioral modification should be reconsidered as behavior regulation. In this perspective, punishment should not be used singly to suppress behavior. Instead, it should be used together with other means to establish a different behavior. In other words, suppression and establishment of behavior should be carried out in parallel.
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