Abstract
This article briefly reviews the history of school counseling in Japan and provides an overview of its current developments in schools and in the education system of Japan. The current development of the role of school counselors — and of school counseling in general — is examined from the perspective of the underlying educational and cultural framework. The focus of school counseling in Japan is to provide therapeutic interventions for students’ psychological problems by individual counseling, and through support and care of students’ overall mental health. The major variables influencing the development of school counseling are the policies of the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology and the prefecture boards of education. The critical issues associated with effective implementation of school counseling are the diverse needs of schools in various regions, the central role and function of counseling and guidance within the school and community, and the integration of other student support personnel in the school of Japan. Future challenges and directions in the development of school counseling in Japan are discussed.
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