­»´ä¤p¾Ç¼Æ¾Ç±Ð¾Ç·§ªp½Õ¬d

­»´ä¤p¾Ç¼Æ¾Ç±Ð¾Ç·§ªp½Õ¬d [1]

¶À®a»ï¡@±i´f¶³ ­»´ä¤¤¤å¤j¾Ç½Òµ{»P±Ð¾Ç¾Ç¨t


	
¤Þ¨¥

±Ð®v¬O±Ð¨|«e½u¤u§@ªÌ¡A¥L­Ìªº±Ð¾Ç¹ï©ó¾Ç¥Í¾Ç¬ì¾Ç²ß¯à§_¦¨¥\¡A°_µÛ¤@­ÓÁ|¨¬
»´­«ªº¨¤¦â¡C¸ÛµM¡A¾Ç¥Íªº¾Ç²ß±o¥¢¤]¨ü¤@¨t¦C¨ä¥L¦]¯À©Ò¼vÅT¡C¦n¹³¾Ç¥Í¥»¨­
ªº¾Ç²ßºA«×¡B±Ð¾Ç§÷®Æªº¨Ï¥Î¡B±Ð®vªº¯à¤O©M¹ï±Ð¾Ç¬¡°Êªº³B²z¤è¦¡¡A¥H¦Ü¾Ç¬ì
½Òµ{¤º®eªº¾A¤Á©Êµ¥¡A§¡¬O¨Ç­«­nªº¦]¯À¡C¦¹¥~¡A­n¤É¤W¤¤¤@¡A¾Ç¥Í¥²¶·¸g¹L¾Ç
¯à´úÅ窺Ãö¤f¡F¨s³º³o­Ó´úÅç¹ï¥Ø«e¼Æ¾Ç¬ìªº±Ð»P¾Ç³y¦¨«ç¼Ëªº¼vÅT¡A¤]¬O¤@­Ó
¦³±´¯Á·N¸qªº½ÒÃD¡Cµ§ªÌ»P¦P¨Æ¦b¸û¦­®É´¿´N¤p¾Ç¼Æ¾Ç±Ð¾Çªº±¡ªp§@¹L¤@­Óªì¨B
¬ã¨s (¶À¡BªL¡B¶À¡A1995)¡A³q¹L±MÃD¤p²Õ±à½Í (focus group interview) ªº¤èªk¡A«ü
¥X¹L¥|­Ó¤ñ¸û¬ð¥Xªº°ÝÃD¡C³o¨Ç¥]¬A¤¤¤p¾Ç½Òµ{ªº»Î±µ°ÝÃD¡B¨Ì¨¬½Ò¥»¯Ê¥F½Õ¾A
°Åµôªº¡u½Ò¥»¬°¥»±Ð¾Ç¡v¤è¦¡¡B¾Ç¥Í­Ó§O®t²§Ãø©ó·ÓÅU¡A¥H¤Î¾Ç¯à´úÅç¹ï¥¿³W½Ò
µ{±Ð¾Çªº¤£¨}¼vÅT¡C

¬°µÛ¤F¸Ñ´¶¹Mªº¤p¾Ç¼Æ¾Ç±Ð¾Ç±¡ªp¡Aµ§ªÌ°ò©ó³o¨Çªì¨BªºÆ[¹î¨Ã°Ñ·Ó¤F¤ýºÑÁø¤k
¤h¦b¥h¦~¥H¤¤¾Ç¼Æ¾Ç±Ð®v¬°¹ï¶H©Ò¶i¦æªº¤@¶µ°Ý¨÷½Õ¬d (¤ýºÑÁø¡A1996)¡A³]­p¤F
¤@¥÷¬ÛÃþ¦üªº°Ý¨÷¡A³Ìªñ¦b¤p¾Ç±Ð®v¤§¶¡¶i¦æ¤F½Õ¬d¡A¥D­n°w¹ï­»´ä¤p¾Ç¼Æ¾Ç±Ð
®v¹ï±Ð»P¾Ç¤WºØºØ°ÝÃD¡B»P¤Î¹ï¤p¾Ç¼Æ¾Ç½Òµ{§ï­²ªº¬Ýªk¡C¾A­È¤p¾Ç¼Æ¾Ç½Òµ{ºõ
­n­×­q¦b§Y¡A¦³Ãöªº·s½Òµ{ÀÀ©ó2001¦~¤E¤ë¹ê¬I (­»´ä½Òµ{µo®iij·|¡A1997)¡F
§Ú­Ì§Æ±æ¬O¦¸°Ý¨÷½Õ¬d©Ò±o¸ê®Æ¡A¯à´£¨Ñ¼Æ¾Ç±Ð¨|¤u§@ªÌ©M½Òµ{³]­pªÌ°Ñ¦Ò¡A¥H
´Á­»´ä¼Æ¾Ç±Ð¨|±o¥H¶i¤@¨Bµo®i¡C

¬ã¨s¹ï¶H
°Ý¨÷µo¥X¤ÀÄÝ 98¶¡¤p¾Çªº¼Æ¾Ç¦Ñ®v¦@392¥÷¡A¦^¦¬¦@186¥÷ (°Ý¨÷¦^¦¬²v 47.4%)¡A
¨Ó¦Û 54¶¡¤£¦Pªº¤p¾Ç¡C±H¦^°Ý¨÷ªº186¦ì¦Ñ®v¡A¨ä¤¤168¤H¥ô±Ð©ó¥b¤é¨î¤p¾Ç¡A
18¦ì¥ô±Ð©ó¥þ¤é¨î¤p¾Ç¡A¦¹µ¥¬ã¨s¹ï¶H­Ó¤H¸ê®Æ¦p¤U¡G [2]





©Ê§O
¨k
34.6%
¤k
65.4%
¾Ç¾ú
±Ð¨|¤å¾Ì
79.6%
¤j±M²¦·~
13.4%
¾Ç¤h¾Ç¦ì
23.7%
±Ð¨|ºÓ¤h
0.5%
¦~ÄÖ
<25 20.1% 25-30 29.3% 31-40 26.1%>40
24.5%

±Ð¾Ç¦~¸ê
1-3¦~
34.4%
4-10¦~
25.6%
11¦~©Î¥H¤W
40.0%
¥ô±Ð¬¡°Ê±Ð¾Ç
¦³
43.0%
µL
57.0%
¥ô±Ð¥Ø¼Ð¬°¥»½Òµ{(TOC) ¼Æ¾Ç¬ì
¦³
23.7%
µL
76.3%
­Y§â¥þ´ä¤p¾Ç«öµ{«×¤À¦¨¤T²Õ¡A»{¬°©Ò¥ô±Ð¾Ç®ÕÄݩ󰪡B¤¤©Î§Cµ{«×¤À§O¦û
5%¡B86.5% ©M7.0% ªº¶ñµª°Ý¨÷±Ð®v¤H¼Æ¡C±H¦^°Ý¨÷ªº±Ð®v¦³67.7% ´¿±µ¨ü¼Æ¾Ç
±M¬ì±Ð¾Çªº°ö°V¡A¥¼¦³±µ¨ü°ö°Vªº¦³32.3%¡C¶ñµª°Ý¨÷ªº±Ð®v¤§¤¤¡A¦³¥ô±Ð¤@¦~¯Å
¯Z¯Åªº¦û25.8%¡A¥ô±Ð¤G¦~¯Åªº¦û16.7%¡A¥ô±Ð¤T¦~¯Åªº¦û23.1%¡A¥ô±Ð¥|¦~¯Åªº
¦³31.2%¡A¥ô±Ð¤­¦~¯Åªº¦³32.3%¡A¦Ó¥ô±Ð¤»¦~¯Åªº«h¦³31.7%¡C¨ä¤¤71.5% ªº±Ð
®v¦³¥ô±Ð³Ì¤Ö¤@¯Z°ª¦~¯Å (¤p¥|¦Ü¤p¤») ªº¼Æ¾Ç¬ì¡A¦Ó¦³11.8% ªº±Ð®v¦P®É¥ô±Ð¤p
¤­¤Î¤p¤»ªº¯Z¯Å¡A¬Û¤Ï¥u¥ô±Ðªì¤p¼Æ¾Ç¬ìªº¦û¶ñµª°Ý¨÷±Ð®v¤H¼Æªº28.5%¡C³o§å±Ð
®v¤§¤¤¡A¨C¶g¼Æ¾Ç¬ì¸`¼Æ10¸`©Î¥H¤Uªº¦û59.1%¡A11¦Ü15¸`ªº¦û27.4%¡A16¦Ü
20¸`ªº¦û6.5%¡A¦Ó¶W¹L20¸`ªº¦³7.0%¡C
±Ð¾Ç¤u§@©Ò­±¹ïªº°ÝÃD
¹Á¨¥¹D¡u¦]§÷¬I±Ð¡v¡A¾Ç¥Í½è¯À©M¾Ç²ß§÷®Æ¬O¨ä¤¤¨â¤j­«­n¦]¯À¡C¥H¤U¥ý°Q½×
´N¾Ç¥Í¾Ç²ß±¡ªp©M±Ð¬ì®Ñ¹B¥Î©Ò±oªº½Õ¬dµ²ªG¡AµM«á¦A¬Ý¬Ý±Ð®v²´¤¤ªº¾Ç¯à´úÅç¦p
¦ó¼vÅT±Ð¾Ç¡C
¾Ç¥Í¾Ç²ß±¡ªp»P¾Ç²ßºA«×
±qªí¤@©Ò¦C¦Ê¤À²v¬Ý¨Ó¡A¦b³o¨Çµ´¤j³¡¥÷¥ô±Ð©ó¤¤µ¥µ{«×¾Ç®Õªº±Ð®v²´¤¤¡A¾ã
Åé¦Ó¨¥¡A¦Ñ®v¤©¾Ç¥Í¾Ç²ß¤Wªºµû»ù¬O»á¥¿­±ªº¡C»{¬°¾Ç¥Í¾Ç²ßºA«×¤j³¡¥÷»{¯uªº±Ð
®v¼Æ¥Ø³Ì¦h¡A±µµÛ¬O³ßÅw¼Æ¾Ç¡A¥i¥H»¡¤K¦¨¥H¤Wªº±Ð®v§¡»{¬°¯Z¤¤¦³¤@¥b©Î¥H¤Wªº
¾Ç¥Í³ßÅw¼Æ¾Ç¡C¤]¦³¤C¦¨¥H¤Wªº±Ð®v·|ı±o¯Z¤W¥b¼Æ¾Ç¥Í©Î§ó¦h¨ä¹ê¬O¼Ö·N°Ê¸£µ¬
«ä¦Ò°ÝÃDªº¡A¹ï©ó¤@¦VµÛ­««ä¦Òªº¼Æ¾Ç¬ì¦Ó¨¥¡A³o¬O¤@­Ó¥O¤H·P¨ì¹ª»Rªº±¡ªp¡C¦Ü
©ó¨S¦³¨c°O¤½¦¡¡B¾Ç²ßºA«×°¨ªê¡B®`©È©Î°Q¹½¼Æ¾Çªº±¡ªp¡A¥u¦³¬ù5% ¦Ü7% ¤§¶¡
ªº±Ð®v»{¬°³oÃþ¾Ç¥Í¦û¦h¼Æ¡F¦¹µ¥°ÝÃD¡A¦b´¶¹M¦Ñ®v²´¤¤¤£ºâÄY­«¡C¨Æ¹ê¤W¤p¾Ç¼Æ
¾Ç½Òµ{¤º®e¤@¯ë¨Ã¤£ºâÁ}²` (¨£ªí¤Q¤G)¡A¦Ó¥B­n¨c°Oªº¤½¦¡¤]¤£ºâ¦h¡C¦Ü©ó³Q»{¬°
°ò¦¤Ó®t¡BµLªk°l¤W½Òµ{ªº¾Ç¥Í¤S©Î¤Ñ¸ê¤Ó§C¦ÓµLªk´x´¤¼Æ¾Çªº¾Ç¥Í±¡ªp¨Ã¤£¦h¡A
¤À§O¦³±µªñ¤E¦¨¤Î¦³¶W¹L¤E¦¨ªº±Ð®v»{¬°³o¨âÃþ¾Ç¥Í¦û¤Ö³¡¥÷©Î´X¥G¨S¦³¡C

ªí¤@¡G¾Ç¥Í¾Ç²ß±¡ªp [3], [4]
´N¼Æ¾Ç¬ì¨Ó»¡¡A§Aªº¾Ç¥Í¦³¦h¤Ö¬O³o¼Ëªº¡H
¤j³¡¥÷
¤@¥b
¤Ö³¡¥÷
´X¥G¨S¦³
(a) ¾Ç²ßºA«×»{¯u
46.5%
38.4%
15.1%
 0.0%
(c) ³ßÅw¼Æ¾Ç
29.0%
54.3%
16.7%
 0.0%
(h) ¼Ö·N°Ê¸£µ¬«ä¦Ò°ÝÃD
20.7%
50.0%
28.8%
 0.5%
(g) ¨S¦³¨c°O¤½¦¡
 6.6%
29.1%
56.0%
 8.2%
(b) ¾Ç²ßºA«×°¨ªê
 4.9%
21.1%
69.2%
 4.9%
(d) ®`©È©Î°Q¹½¼Æ¾Ç
 4.8%
14.0%
70.4%
10.8%
(f) °ò¦¤Ó®t¡AµLªk°l¤W½Òµ{
 3.2%
 8.6%
70.3%
17.8%
(e) ¤Ñ¸ê¤Ó§C¡AµLªk´x´¤¼Æ¾Ç
 2.2%
 5.4%
68.3%
24.2%


±Ð¬ì®Ñªº¨Ï¥Î

ªí¤G¡G³Æ½Ò®É©Ò¥Îªº°Ñ¦Ò¸ê®Æ [5]
§A³Æ½Ò®É·|§_°Ñ¾\³o¨Ç¸ê®Æ¡H
¤@©w
¦h¼Æ
¶¡¤¤
µ´¤Ö
(b) ±Ð¬ì®Ñ
76.3%
21.0%
 2.2%
 0.5%
(c) ¨ä¥L±Ð¬ì®Ñ©Î¸É¥R½m²ß
19.9%
44.6%
32.3%
 3.2%
(a) ½Òµ{µo®i©e­û·|½s­qªº¼Æ¾Ç½Òµ{ºõ­n
 8.6%
21.1%
46.5%
23.8%
(d) ½Ò¥~®ÑÄy¡BÂø»xµ¥
 1.6%
18.4%
57.3%
22.7%

¦pªí¤G©Ò¥Ü¡A76.3% ¦Ñ®vªí¥Ü³Æ½Ò®É¤@©w·|°Ñ¦Ò±Ð¬ì®Ñ¡A¥t19.9% ªí¥Ü¤@
©w·|°Ñ¦Ò¨ä¥L±Ð¬ì®Ñ©Î¸É¥R½m²ß¡C¥u¦³8.6% ªº±Ð®v¦^µª¤@©w·|°Ñ¦Ò½Òµ{µo®i©e
­û·|½s­qªº¼Æ¾Ç½Òµ{ºõ­n¡A¦Óªí¥Ü¤@©w©Î¦h¼Æ·|°Ñ¦Ò¨ä¥L½Ò¥~®ÑÄy©ÎÂø»xªº¥u¦³
¤Ö©ó¨â¦¨¡C³o¼Ë¬Ý¨Ó¡A¦b°Ñ¾\±Ð¾Ç¸ê®Æ¤W¡A±Ð®v·|§_¤Ó¨ü¨î©ó±Ð¬ì®Ñ©M¸É¥R½m²ß
©O¡H±Ð®v¹ï©Ò¨Ï¥Îªº°Ñ¦Ò®Ñ¬O§_§¹¥þº¡·N¡A­Y¹J¨ì¤£º¡·Nªº¦a¤è¡A·|¤£·|§@¥X§R
°Å¡A¥H¤U³v¤@½×­z¡C


ªí¤T¡G±Ð®v¹ï±Ð¬ì®Ñªºº¡·Nµ{«×

«D±`º¡·N
©|ºâº¡·N
¤£¤Óº¡·N
«D±`¤£º¡
§Aº¡·N¥Ø«e©Ò¥Îªº±Ð¬ì®Ñ¶Ü¡H
3.2%
70.3%
23.8%
2.7%

¦pªí¤T©Ò¥Ü¡A¥u¦³3.2% ¦Ñ®vªí¥Ü¹ï±Ð¬ì®Ñ«D±`º¡·N¡A¦³70.3% ±Ð®vªí¥Ü©|
ºâº¡·N¡C¹ï±Ð¬ì®Ñªí¥Üº¡·Nªº¦a¤è¥]¬A¤º®e¾A¤¤¡B´`§Çº¥¶i¡B½m²ßÃD¥÷¶q©M²`²L
¦X©y¡B¨ÒÃD²M´·©M¥÷¶q¨¬°÷µ¥¡C¦Ü©ó¹ï±Ð¬ì®Ñªí¥Ü¤£º¡ªº¦a¤è¡A«h¥]¬A¤º®e¨I´e
¡B¿ùº|¦h¡B²ßÃDÃþ«¬¤Ó¤Ö©M¤í¯Ê«ä¦Ò©Êµ¥¡C¦¹¥~¡A¬O¨Ò¤l¤Ó¤Ö©Î¤Ó²L¡B½s±Æ¤£²M
·¡µ¥¡C¥Ñ©ó¥u¦³3.2% ±Ð®vªí¥Ü¹ï±Ð¬ì®Ñ«D±`º¡·N¡A¦ý«o¦³¦@¬ù¥|¤À¤§¤@ªº±Ð®v
¹ï±Ð¬ì®Ñªí¥Ü¤£¤Óº¡·N©Î«D±`¤£º¡¡A±q¨Æ¼Æ¾Ç±Ð¬ì®Ñ½s¼g¤Î¥Xª©¤u§@ªº¤H¥K¡AÀ³
´N¥H¤W´£¥Xªº§åµû¡A¹ï¤º®e¤©¥HÀ˰Q§ïµ½¡C

¦A¬Ý±Ð®v¦p¦ó¹B¥Î±Ð¬ì®Ñ¡A¦pªí¥|©Ò¥Ü¡A³Ì¦h±Ð®vªí¥Ü·|¨Ï¥Î½Ò¥»¤º²ßÃD¡A
±µµÛ¬O§â½Ò¥»¤º®e¥þ³¡±Â²¦¡Aªí¥Ü¨Ï¥Î½Ò¥»¨ÒÃDªº±µªñ¤­¦¨¡C¥u¦³¤£¨¬¨â¦¨±Ð®v
ªí¥Ü·|¨Ï¥Î½Ò¥»«ØÄ³ªº¾Ç²ß¬¡°Ê¡A¦Óªí¥Ü·|«ö¾Ç¥Íµ{«×¹ï½Ò¥»±Ð§÷§@°Åµôªº±Ð®v
¥u±o14.1%¡C±q³o¨Ç¦Ê¤À¤ñ¬Ý¨Ó¡A±Ð®v¦b±Ð§÷ªº¨Ï¥Î¤W¤í¯Ê³Ð³y©Ê¡A¦Ó¨Ì¿à®Ñ¥»
©Ò´£¨Ñªº¸ê®Æª½±µ¶i¦æ±Ð¾Ç¡A§Y©Ò¿×¡u½Ò¥»¬°¥»±Ð¾Ç¡v(¶À¡BªL¡B¶À¡A1995¡F­¶
12)¡A¥i»¡¬O¤@¯ë¤p¾Ç¼Æ¾Ç±Ð®v±Ð¾Çªº¼g·Ó¡C

ªí¥|¡G±Ð¬ì®Ñªº¨Ï¥Î
§A¦p¦ó¨Ï¥Î¶Q®Õ©Ò¿ï¥Îªº±Ð¬ì®Ñ¡H
±`±`
»á¦h
¸û¤Ö
·¥¤Ö
(c) ¨Ï¥Î½Ò¥»¤º²ßÃD
79.3%
20.1%
 0.5%
 0.0%
(d) §â½Ò¥»¤º®e¥þ³¡±Â²¦
67.4%
30.4%
 2.2%
 0.0%
(a) ¨Ï¥Î½Ò¥»¤º¨ÒÃD
46.5%
33.5%
15.7%
 4.3%
(b) ¨Ï¥Î½Ò¥»¤º«ØÄ³¤§¾Ç²ß¬¡°Ê
19.6%
49.5%
25.5%
 5.4%
(e) «ö¾Ç¥Íµ{«×¹ï½Ò¥»±Ð§÷§@°Åµô
14.1%
27.0%
48.6%
10.3%

ªí¤­¡G±Ð§÷§R´î
¿ï¾Ü±Ð¾Ç¤º®e®É­Y¹J¤W¥H¤U±¡ªp¡A§A·|§R´î±Ð¬ì®Ñ¤Wªº§÷®Æ¶Ü¡H
·|
¦h¥b·|
¦h¥b
¤£·|
¤£·|
(e) ²ßÃD¤º®e¤£«ê·í¡A¨Ò¦p»P½ÒÃD¤º®e¤£§¹¥þ°t¦X
44.3%
37.8%
11.9%
 5.9%
(b) ¤º®e¤Ó²`¡A¾Ç¥ÍµLªk²z¸Ñ
25.4%
37.8%
24.9%
11.9%
(a) ¤º®e¤Ó¨I´e
21.7%
31.0%
29.3%
17.9%
(c) ¤º®e¤Ó²³æ
16.2%
26.5%
30.3%
27.0%
(d) ¤º®e¤£·|¦Ò®Ö
12.8%
18.4%
40.8%
27.9%

¦Ü©ó±Ð®v¦b§R´î±Ð¬ì®Ñ¤º®e¤W¡A¦pªí¤­Åã¥Ü¡Aªí²{±o¬Û·í«O¦u¡C´Nºâ¹J¤W²ß
ÃD¤º®e¤£«ê·í¡A¨Ò¦p»P½ÒÃD¤º®e¤£§¹¥þ°t¦X¡A¤]¥u±o¥|¦¨¦hªº±Ð®vªí¥Ü¤@©w·|§R
´î¦¹µ¥§÷®Æ¡C¦Ü©ó¤º®e¤Ó²`¡A¾Ç¥ÍµLªk²z¸Ñ®É¡A¤]¥u¦³¬ù¥|¤À¤§¤@ªº±Ð®v·|§R´î
¡CµM¦Ó±Ð¬ì®Ñ©M½Ò¥»µ¥¤º®e¨Ã«Dª÷¬ì¥É«ß¡A¬°¦ó±Ð¾Ç»Ý³o¼Ë¨ü¨î©ó±Ð¬ì®Ñ¡H¬°¬Æ
»ò±Ð®v¤£»{¯u¹ê½î¡u¦]§÷¬I±Ð¡v©O¡H¦¹±¡ªp­È±o¤p¾Ç±Ð®v­Ì²`«ä¡C
¾Ç¯à´úÅ窺¼vÅT
½×¨ì¾Ç¯à´úÅç¹ï±Ð¾Çªº¼vÅT¡AµL¥i§_»{¡A¾Ç®Õ¬°¤F°ö°V¾Ç¥ÍÀ³¥I¾Ç¯à´úÅç¡A
¦b¤£¦Pµ{«×¤W³£§Q¥Î¸É¥R½m²ß¾Þ½m¾Ç¥ÍªºµªÃD§Þ¥©©M¯à¤O¡A¦Ó¦U®Õ­n¨D¤p¥|¦Ü¤p
¤»¦U¯Å­n§¹¦¨ªº¾Ç¯à´úÅç½m²ß¼Æ¥Ø¦U¦³¤£¦P¡C¥»¦¸½Õ¬d©Ò±o¡A¤p¥|¥­§¡­n§¹¦¨§@
·~0.81¥» (¼Ð·Ç®t0.62)¡A¤p¤­­n§¹¦¨2.3¥» (¼Ð·Ç®t0.92)¡A¤p¤»«h­n§¹¦¨2.5¥»
(¼Ð·Ç®t1.1)¡C³o­Óµ²ªG»P¸û¦­®É¥t¤@­Ó²Ê²¤½Õ¬d (¶À¡BªL¡B¶À¡A1995¡F­¶ 14)¤]
¬Û®t¤£»·¡C¾Ç¯à´úÅç¹ï±Ð¾Ç©Ò³y¦¨ªº¼vÅT¬J¥i¯à¦³¥¿­±ªº¡A¥ç¥i¯à¦³­t­±ªº¡C¦b
°Ý¨÷¤§¤¤¡A§Ú­ÌÅý¦Ñ®v¹ï¥¿­t¨â¤è­±¥i¯à¦³ªº¼vÅT³£¦³¾÷·|¦^À³¡Aªí¤»¦C¥X³o¨â
¤è­±ªº²Î­p¡A½Ðª`·N¨ä¤¤¦³¤T¤À¤§¤@ªº±Ð®v¦]¥¼¦³¥ô±Ð°ª¦~¯Å¦Ó¤£¤©§@µª¡C

ªí¤»¡G¾Ç¯à´úÅç¹ï±Ð¾Çªº¼vÅT

¥¿­±¼vÅT¡]N=178¡^
­t­±¼vÅT¡]N=176¡^
±`±`
 3.4%
 5.1%
»á¦h
15.2%
32.4%
¸û¤Ö
26.4%
15.9%
·¥¤Ö
14.6%
 5.7%
µL
 3.9%
 3.4%
¤£¾A¥Î¡]¦]¥¼¦³¥ô±Ð°ª¦~¯Å¡^
36.5%
37.5%

°£¨S¦³¥ô±Ð°ª¦~¯Åªº±Ð®v¥~¡A¦³µy¤Ö©ó¨â¦¨ªº±Ð®v»{¬°¾Ç¯à´úÅç±`±`©Î»á¦h
¦a±a¨Ó¥¿­±¼vÅT¡A¥L­Ì¦C¥Xªº¥¿­±¼vÅT¥]¬A«P¶i«ä¦Ò¯à¤O¡B¯à°t¦X½Òµ{¤º®e¡BÅý
¾Ç¥Í±µÄ²§ó¦hÃþ«¬ÃD¥Ø©M¹ªÀy¾Ç¥Í·Å²ßµ¥¡C¦Ü©ó­t­±¼vÅT¤è­±¡A«h¦@¦³±µªñ¥|¦¨
ªº±Ð®v»{¬°¾Ç¯à´úÅç±`±`©Î»á¦h¦a¹ï±Ð¾Ç³y¦¨­t­±¼vÅT¡C³o¨Ç­t­±¼vÅT¥]¬A®É¶¡
¤£¨¬¡B¤zÂZ¥¿³W½Òµ{¶i«×¡B¤£°t¦X½Òµ{¤º®e¡B¤º®e¾÷±ñ¤Æ¡B¤£¾A¦X¾Ç¥Íµ{«×¡B¼W
¥[·Å²ßÀ£¤O¡B¥O¾Ç¥Í§Ü©Ú©M´î§C¹ï¼Æ¾Ç¾Ç²ßªº¿³½ìµ¥¡C

¨â¬Û¤ñ¸û¡A¥i¨£¸û¦h±Ð®v·|¬Ý¨ì¾Ç¯à´úÅç©Ò±a¨Óªº­t­±¼vÅT¡C¥Ñ©ó³¡¥÷¾Ç®Õ
¦b¤p¥|¤U¾Ç´Á¤w¶}©l¹ï¾Ç¯à´úÅç§@¹w³Æ¡Aª½¦Ü¤p¤»¤W¾Ç´Á¤~µ²§ô¡A®É¶¡ªø¹F¨â¦~
¤§¤[¡A¬G¹ï¾Ç¥Í¾Ç²ß©M¦Ñ®v±Ð¾Çªº¼vÅT«D¤Ö¡C¥H¤W´£¤Îªº­t­±¼vÅT¡AµLºÃ§á¦±¤F
²{¦æªº¼Æ¾Ç½Òµ{¡A¤zÂZ¤F¥¿±`ªº½Ò°ó±Ð¾Ç¬¡°Ê¡A¦³Ãö·í§½¹ï¦¹©y²Ó¥[¯d·N¡C
±Ð¾Ç¬¡°Êªº±¡ªp
±q±Ð®v¹ï±Ð¾Ç©ÒÃöª`ªºªF¦è¡A¥L­Ì¹ï±Ð¾Ç¬¡°Êªº¬Ýªk©M¹ï­Ó§O®t²§ªº³B²z¡A
¥i¥H¤F¸Ñ±Ð¾Ç²{ªp©M±Ð®v¦b²{ªp¤U©Ò§@¥Xªº½Õ¾A¡C´N°Ý¨÷½Õ¬d©Ò±o¡A¤À­z¦p¤U¡G

ªí¤C¡G±Ð¾ÇÃöª`ÂI
§A¦b±Ð¾Ç¤W¦³¨S¦³¸g±`ÅU¤Î¤U¦C¦U¶µ¡H
±`±`
»á±`
¸û¤Ö
·¥¤Ö
(a) À°§U¾Ç¥Í¦Ò¨ú²z·Q/¦X²zªº¦¨ÁZ
49.5%
46.2%
 4.3%
0.0%
(b) ±j½Õ¼Æ¾Ç»P¤é±`¥Í¬¡ªºÃö«Y
42.5%
46.8%
10.8%
0.0%
(d) µo®i¾Ç¥Íªº¼Æ¾Ç«äºû/¸ÑÃø¯à¤O
36.0%
50.0%
14.0%
0.0%
(c) ±j½Õ¼Æ¾Çªº¦UºØ¥\¥Î¡B¥Î³~
35.5%
45.2%
18.8%
0.5%
(e) ¤Þ¾É¾Ç¥ÍªY½à¼Æ¾Çªº½ì¨ý©Ê
17.2%
45.7%
34.4%
2.7%

±qªí¤C©Ò¨£¡A¼Æ¾Ç±Ð®v³ÌÃö¤ßªº¬O¾Ç¥Í¦¨ÁZ¡A»{¬°¦Û¤v¦b¼Æ¾Ç¤W±`±`©Î»á±`À°
§U¾Ç¥Í¦Ò¨ú¦n¦¨ÁZªº¡A¦@¦û95.7%¡A¨ä¦¸¬O±j½Õ¼Æ¾Ç»P¤é±`¥Í¬¡ªºÃö«Y¡A±µµÛ¬Oµo
®i¾Ç¥Íªº¼Æ¾Ç«äºû»P¸ÑÃø¯à¤O¡A³Ì«á¤~¬O¤Þ¾É¾Ç¥ÍªY½à¼Æ¾Çªº½ì¨ý©Ê¡CµM¦Ó¼Æ¾Ç¾Ç
²ß¯À­«©â¶H«äºû¡A¹ï¦~¥®¾Ç¥Í¦Ó¨¥¡A´x´¤©â¶H«äºû®í¤£®e©ö¡C­Y±Ð®v¯à¦hµÛ­«¼Æ¾Ç
ªº½ì¨ý©Ê¡A¨Ã¤Þ¾É¾Ç¥ÍªY½à¼Æ¾Ç¡A¹ï¤Þµo¾Ç¥Íªº¾Ç²ß¿³½ì¡AÀ³¤j¦³»t¯q¡A±Ð®v¹ï¦¹
©y¥[Ãöª`¡C¤£¹L³o¹ï±Ð®vªº¼Æ¾Ç¾Ç¬ì¯À¾i»Pª¾ÃÑ·|¦³¸û°ª­n¨D¡A¤]¯A¤Î¼Æ¾Ç±Ð®vªº
±M·~¤Æ»P°ö°Vªº°ÝÃD¡C

ªí¤K¡G±Ð¾Ç¬¡°Ê
´N¼Æ¾Ç¬ì¨Ó»¡¡A§A»{¬°³o¨Ç±Ð¾Ç¬¡°Ê­«­n¶Ü¡H
«D±`­«­n
»á­«­n
¤£ºâ­«­n
²@¤£­«­n
(a) ±Ð®v¸Ô²ÓÁ¿¸Ñ©Î§@¨ÒÃD¥Ü½d
78.0%
21.5%
 0.5%
0.0%
(f) ®a½Ò¡]¤£¦û¥Î¤W½Ò®É¶¡¡^
59.5%
36.8%
 3.8%
0.0%
(e) °ó½Ò¡]½Ò¤º¶i¦æ¡^
49.5%
45.7%
 4.9%
0.0%
(b) ½Ò°ó¤Wªº°Q½×
38.2%
52.2%
 9.1%
0.5%
(c) ¹CÀ¸
14.6%
54.6%
29.7%
1.1%
(d) ¤À²Õ¬¡°Ê
 8.6%
53.0%
37.3%
1.1%
(g) Åý¾Ç¥Í°µ±MÃD (Project)
 4.3%
32.4%
57.3%
5.9%

ªí¤K©Ò¥Ü¡A¦Ñ®v»{¬°­«­nªº±Ð¾Ç¬¡°Ê¡A«ö¦¸§Ç¬°Á¿¸Ñ¡B®a½Ò¡B°ó½Ò¡B½Ò°ó°Q
½×¡A±µµÛ¤~¬O¹CÀ¸¡B¤À²Õ¬¡°Ê©MÅý¾Ç¥Í°µ±MÃD¡C±µªñ¤»¦¨ªº±Ð®v»{¬°Åý¾Ç¥Í°µ±M
ÃD¤£ºâ­«­n¡C´«¥y¸Ü»¡¡A¦Ñ®v¸ûµÛ­«¶Ç²Îªº¦Ñ®vÁ¿¸Ñ¦Ó¾Ç¥Í°µ²ß§@ªº¼Ò¦¡¡A¤Ï¦Ó
³q¹L¹CÀ¸¡B¤À²Õ¬¡°Ê©Î°µ±MÃDµ¥¸û·s¿oªº¤è¦¡Äݩ󦸭n¡C³oºØµÛ­«¶Ç²Î±Ð¾Çªº¨ú
¦V¡A¦bÁÚ¦V¤G¤Q¤@¥@¬öªº¤µ¤é¡A¤×¨ä¦b·í«e¥Ø¼Ð¬°¥»½Òµ{¤§¤U¡A¥H°ö¾i¾Ç¥Íªº«ä
¦Ò¨Ã«P¶i¾Ç¥Íªº·¾³q¯à¤O¬°­«ÂI¡A¹ê¦³§ïµ½¼W¼í½Ò°ó±Ð¾Ç¤è¦¡ªº¥²­n¡C
¦b·ÓÅU­Ó§O®t²§°ÝÃD¤W¡Aı±o¦Û¤v¦b¤é±`±Ð¾Ç¤¤±`±`·ÓÅU­Ó§O®t²§ªº±Ð®v¦û
7%¡A¦³52.4% ªº±Ð®v»{¬°¦Û¤v¥ç»á¦h·ÓÅU­Ó§O®t²§¡A¦ý¥ç¦³37.8% ªº±Ð®v©Z¨¥
¸û¤Ö·ÓÅU­Ó§O®t²§¡A¦Ó§¹¥þ¨S¦³±Ð®v¶ñµª·¥¤ÖÃöÅU­Ó§O®t²§¡C¥L­Ì¦b¤é±`±Ð¾Ç¤W
·ÓÅU­Ó§O®t²§ªº¤èªk¡A®Ú¾Ú±Ð®v¶ñµªªºµ²ªG¡A©Ò±o¦p¤U¡G

ªí¤E¡G·ÓÅU­Ó§O®t²§ªº¤èªk
¦b¤p®§®É«ü¾É¦³»Ý­n¾Ç¥Í
82.8%
¦w±Æ¦P¯Z¦P¾Ç«ü¾É¦³»Ý­nªÌ
58.1%
¨Ï¥Î¤p²Õ±Ð¾Ç
22.0%
¦w±Æ°ª¦~¯Å¦P¾Ç¨ó§U§C¯Z¦P¾Ç
 8.1%

«ö¦Ê¤À¤ñ¦Ó¨¥¡A³Ì±`±Ä¥Îªº¤èªk¬O¥Î¤p®§®É¶¡«ü¾É¦³»Ý­n¾Ç¥Í¡A¨ä¦¸¬O¦w±Æ
¦P¯Z¦P¾Ç«ü¾É¦³»Ý­nªº¾Ç¥Í¡CÁöµM³o¬O¤@¨ÇºD±`ªu¥Îªº¤èªk¡A¦ý¥b¤é¨î¤p¾Ç¤p®§
®É¶¡µu¡A¤@¯ë¥u±o¤Q¤­¤ÀÄÁ¥ª¥k¡AµL½×¬O¦£±o³Ý¤£¹L®ð¨Óªº¦Ñ®v¡A©Î¬O·¥¨ä´÷±æ
¤p®§µÎ®i¤@¤U¨­¤ßªº¾Ç¥Í¡A­n¨D¥L­Ì¦b¤p®§®É¦AÄ~Äò¶i¦æ¾Ç²ß¬¡°Ê¡A³£¤£·|¬O¥ó
¼Ö¨Æ¡C¦Ü©ó¨Ï¥Î¤p²Õ±Ð¾Ç¡AŲ©ó­n¬Ý¨ãÅ鱡ªp¤~¯à¶¶§Q¹ê¬I¡A¬G¦¹²z½×¤WÁö¥i¦æ
¡A¤]¥u¦³µy¦h©ó¨â¦¨ªº±Ð®v¨Ï¥Î¡C°£¥H¤W¨Ñ±Ð®v¿ï¾Üªº¤èªk¤§¥~¡A±Ð®v­Ì¦C¥X¨ä
¥L·ÓÅU­Ó§O®t²§ªº¤èªkÁÙ¥]¬A¯d®Õ»²¾É¡B½Ò°ó«e©M½Ò°ó«á¦A±Ð¾É¡B¤W½Ò®É¶i¦æ­Ó§O
»²¾É¡B§ïÅܱоǪk¡B¦b½Ò°ó¦h´£°Ý¡B½Õ¾ã½Òµ{¥÷¶q¡B¤º®e©M½m²ßµ¥¡C

¥Ñ©ó­nºÉ¿ìªk·ÓÅU­Ó§O®t²§¡A±Ð®v¦b±Ð¾Ç¤Wªº¯à¤O¦ÛµM¦¨¬°§Ú­Ì»Ý­n¦Ò¼{ªº
¥t¤@­Ó°ÝÃD¡C¦b°Ý¨÷¤¤¡A§Ú­Ì­n¨D±Ð®v¦Û§Úµû¦ô¦b¦U¶µ±Ð¾Ç§Þ¥©¤Wªº¯à¤O¡C±qªí
¤Qªº¦Ê¤À²v¬Ý¨Ó¡A¥Ñ±Ð®v§@¥D¾Éªº¬¡°Ê¡A§Y¦pÁ¿¸Ñ©M´£°Ý¡A¤j³¡¥÷±Ð®v¹ï¦Û¤vªº
¯à¤O³£»á¨ã«H¤ß¡C¸û¦h»{¬°¦Û¤v¤£¨¬ªº¡A¬O¤Þ¾É¤p²Õ°Q½×©M¤À²Õ¬¡°Ê¤è­±¡F¨ä¦¸
¬O°ö¾i¾Ç¥Íªº«ä¦Ò¯à¤O¡A¦A¨ä¦¸¬O¤Þµo½Ò°ó°Q½×¡C³o¨Ç¬¡°Ê¹ï¾Ç¥Í°Ñ»P¦³¸û°ª­n
¨D¡A¤]»Ý­n±Ð®v¦³¸û°ªªº¤Þ¾É§Þ¥©¡CµM¦Ó¡AÀHµÛ¥Ø¼Ð¬°¥»½Òµ{ªº¥X²{¡A¨ó§U¾Ç¥Í
¥D°Ê¾Ç²ß¨Ã«P¶i¥L­Ìªº·¾³q¯à¤O±N¦¨¬°·sªº½Òµ{­«ÂI¡A±Ð®v»Ý¤Þ¾É¤p²Õ¬¡°Ê©Î±a
»â½Ò°ó°Q½×ªº¾÷·|¥²µM¼W¥[¡C¦]¦¹¹ï±Ð®v³o¤è­±ªº°ö°V¡A·¥©y¥[±j¡C

ªí¤Q¡G±Ð®v¯à¤Oªº¦Û§Úµû¦ô
§A»{¬°¦Û¤vªº¯à¤O¨¬¥H¦b½Ò°ó¤W°µ¦n¥H¤U³o¨Ç±Ð¾Ç¤u§@¶Ü¡H
ºïºï¦³¾l
À³¸Ó¥i¥H
»á¬°¤£¨¬
¤£¯à³Ó¥ô
(a) Á¿¸Ñ²M´·
39.5%
58.9%
 1.6%
0.0%
(b) µ½¥Î°Ýµª
28.1%
65.4%
 6.5%
0.0%
(e) ±a»â½Ò°ó¬¡°Ê©Î¹CÀ¸
17.3%
60.5%
21.6%
0.5%
(c) ¤Þµo°Q½×
15.1%
70.3%
14.6%
0.0%
(d) °ö¾i¾Ç¥Íªº«ä¦Ò¯à¤O
11.4%
77.2%
11.4%
0.0%
(f) ¤Þ¾É¤p²Õ°Q½×¡B¤À²Õ¬¡°Ê
 8.1%
61.1%
30.3%
0.5%

¹ï²{¦æ¼Æ¾Ç½Òµ{©M½Òµ{§ï­²ªº¬Ýªk

¹ï²{¦æ¼Æ¾Ç½Òµ{ªº¬Ýªk

¤@­Ó¾Ç¬ìªº½Òµ{ºõ­n¦b«Ü¤jªºµ{«×¤W¡A´£¨Ñ¤F¾ã­Ó¬ì¥Øªº¾Ç²ß¥Ø¼Ð¡B¤º®e¡B
±Ð¾Ç¤èªk¥H¦Üµû®Ö¤è¦¡ªº«ü¤Þ¡A¹ï¸Ó¬ì¥Øªº±Ð¾Ç°_µÛ«ü¾É©Êªº§@¥Î¡C±Ð®v¹ï²{¦æ
½Òµ{µo®i©e­û·|½s­qªº¤p¾Ç¼Æ¾Ç¬ì½Òµ{ºõ­n¡]­»´ä½Òµ{µo®i©e­û·|¡A1983¡F
1983¦~¶}©l±Ä¥Î¡A¥H¤U²ºÙ¡mºõ­n¡n¡^ªºµû»ù¡Aªí¦C¦p¤U¡G

ªí¤Q¤@¡G¹ï¤p¾Ç¼Æ¾Ç¬ì½Òµ{ºõ­n¡]1983¡^ªºµû»ù
§A¹ï½Òµ{µo®i©e­û·|½s­qªº¼Æ¾Ç½Òµ{ºõ­n¦³¦óµû»ù¡H
¨Ã¤£¼ô±x¡AµLªkµû»ù
«ü¤Þ«ê·í¡B¾A¤Á
«ü¤Þ¤Ó²³æ/ªÅªx
«ü¤Þ¹L¥÷¥J²Ó
32.8%
38.8%
28.4%
0.0%

¦^µª¹ï¡mºõ­n¡n¨Ã¤£¼ô±x¡BµLªkµû»ùªº¦³32.8%¡A»¡¡mºõ­n¡n«ü¤Þ«ê·í¡B¾A
¤Áªº¦³38.8%¡A¦Ó«ü¥¦¹L©ó²³æ¡BªÅªxªº«h¦³28.4%¡C³oùئ³¨â­Ó°ÝÃD­È±o²`¤J
±´°Q¤@¤U¡C²Ä¤@¡A¬JµM¦³¶W¹L¤T¦¨ªº±Ð®v¹ï¡mºõ­n¡n¨Ã¤£¼ô±x¡A¨s³º­ì¦]¦ó¦b¡H
¬O±Ð®v­Ì¤£ª¾¹D¦³¡mºõ­n¡nªº¦s¦b¡AÁÙ¬Oı±o¥¦µL§U©ó¤F¸Ñ¦³Ãö¾Ç¬ì¡BµL§U©ó±Ð
»P¾Ç¦Ó¤ð¶·¥[¥H²Ó¬Ý¡H³o¬O­Ó±Ð¨|¸p¤Î½Òµ{µo®i©e­û·|µ¥­È±o¬Ù¹îªº°ÝÃD¡C²Ä¤G
¡A¤]¦³±µªñ¤T¦¨ªº±Ð®v«ü¡mºõ­n¡n¹L©ó²³æªÅªx¡A¨º»ò¡A¦b³o¨Ç¦³°Ñ¾\ºõ­nªº±Ð
®v¤ß¥Ø¤¤¡A¡mºõ­n¡n¨s³º¤í¯Ê¤F¨Ç¤°»ò¡H¤°»ò¬O¥L­Ì·P¨ì¹L©óªÅªx©M²³æªº¡A³o
ÂI­È±o¦A¥[¬ã¨s¡C
ªí¤Q¤G¡G¹ï¥Ø«e¤p¾Ç¼Æ¾Ç½Òµ{¤º®eªºµû»ù
¾ãÅé¨Ó»¡¡A§A¹ï¥Ø«e¤p¾Çªº¼Æ¾Ç½Òµ{¦³¦óµû»ù¡H
¤º®e¥÷¶q
²`²Lµ{«×
½ì¨ý©Ê
¹ê¥Î©Ê
¤Ó¦h
39.7%
¤Ó²`
20.2%
¦³½ì
 4.3%
¦³¥Î
78.5%
¥÷¶q¾A¤¤
56.5%
²`²L¾A¤¤
76.0%
¤£¹L¤£¥¢
59.2%
¨S¦³¥Î
 5.0%
¤Ó¤Ö
 3.8%
¤Ó²L
 3.8%
¨I´e
36.4%
¤£ª¾¹D
16.6%

¦Ó´N²{¦æ¤p¾Çªº¼Æ¾Ç½Òµ{¤º®e¨Ó»¡¡A±qªí¤Q¤G¥i¨£¡A¦³¥|¦¨ªº±Ð®vı±o½Òµ{
ªº¥÷¶q¤Ó¦h¡A¨ä¦¸¥ç¦³¦h©ó¤T¤À¤§¤@ªº±Ð®v¹ï¨ä½ì¨ý©Ê¤£¨¬ªí¥Ü¤£º¡¡C¦Ó»{¬°½Ò
µ{²`²L¾A¤¤ªº«h¶W¹L¤C¦¨¡C¦Ü©ó¹ê¥Î©Ê¤è­±¡A¦³±µªñ¤K¦¨±Ð®v»{¬°¥Ø«eªº½Òµ{¤º
®e¦³¥Î¡C¦b¤W¤@¸`§Ú­Ì°Q½×¼Æ¾Ç±Ð®v±Ð¾ÇªºÃöª`ÂI®É¡A»á¦h±Ð®v­«µø¼Æ¾Ç»P¤é±`
¥Í¬¡ªºÃö«Y©M±j½Õ¼Æ¾Çªº¦UºØ¥\¥Î¡B¥Î³~¡A¥i¨£³o¤è­±ªº½Òµ{¤º®e©M±Ð®vªºÃöª`
ÂI¬Û·í¤@­P¡CÁ`Åé¦Ó¨¥¡A±Ð®v¹ï²{¦æ½Òµ{¤º®e¤j­P¤WµL¤Ó¤j·L¨¥¡A²{¦æ½Òµ{ªº°Ý
ÃD¥D­n¬O¤º®e²¤¦h©M²¤²`¡A¥t¤@¤j°ÝÃD¬O¤í¯Ê½ì¨ý©Ê¡C
¹ï½Òµ{§ï­²ªº¬Ýªk
¬O¦¸°Ý¨÷½Õ¬d¤¤¡A³Ì«á¤@­Ó°ÝÃD°Ý¤Î¦³Ãö¦Ñ®v¬O§_§Æ±æ¤p¾Çªº¼Æ¾Ç½Òµ{¶i¦æ
§ï­²¡C°£¤F7.5% ªº±Ð®v¨ÃµLªí¹F·N¨£¥~¡Aªí¥Ü§Æ±æºû«ù²{ª¬ªº±Ð®v¦³15.1%¡A
¦Ó64.0% ªº±Ð®v§Æ±æ¦³¨Ç¤ÖÂàÅÜ¡A§Æ±æ¦³­«¤j§ï­²ªº¥u¦û13.4%¡C

	§Ú­Ì¹Á¸Õ±N±Ð®v¹ï½Òµ{§ï­²ªººA«×«ö¥L­Ìªº©Ê§O¡B¦~ÄÖ¡B±Ð¾Ç¦~¸ê¡B¦³§_
±µ¨ü¼Æ¾Ç±Ð¾Ç°ö°V¡B¦³§_¶i¦æ¬¡°Ê±Ð¾Ç¡B¦³§_¥ô±Ð¥Ø¼Ð¬°¥»½Òµ{¯Z¯Å¤Î©ÒÄݾǮÕ
µ{«×µ¥¦]¯À§@¤@¤ÀªR¡A±o¨ìªí¤Q¤Tªºµ²ªG¡C®Ú¾Ú³oùئC¥Xªº¦Ê¤À²v¡A§Ú­Ì¥i¥H¬Ý
¨ì¤£¦P©Ê§O¡B¦~ÄÖ¡B±Ð¾Ç¦~¸êªº±Ð®v¹ï½Òµ{§ï­²ªººA«×§¡¦U¦³¤£¦P¡C¨â©Ê¦Ó¨¥¡A
ªí¥Ü§Æ±æ½Òµ{¤£­nÂàÅܪº¤k©Ê¤ñ¨k©Ê±Ð®v¬°¦h¡A¦Ó¦³¸û¦hªº¨k±Ð®v¤ä«ù­«¤j§ï­²
¡C¦b¥|­Ó¦~ÄÖ²Õ§O¤¤¡A³Ì¦~»´ªº¤@²Õ¸û¤Ö§Æ±æ½Òµ{¦³­«¤j§ï­²¡A­ì¦]¥i¯à¬O¥L­Ì
¹ï½Òµ{»{ÃѤ£²`¡A±Ð¾Çªº¸gÅç»P«H¤ß¥¼¨¬¡C¦b31¦Ü40·³ªº¤@²Õ¡A§Æ±æ½Òµ{¤£­n
ÂàÅܪº¦Ê¤À²v³Ì§C¡A¦Ó§Æ±æ½Òµ{¦³¨Ç¤ÖÂàÅܪº«h¦û³Ì¤j¤ñ¨Ò¡A¥t¥~´Á±æ¦³­«¤j§ï
­²ªº¬°¼Æ¤]¤£¤Ö¡C­Y¥H±Ð¾Ç¸gÅç­p¡A§Æ±æ½Òµ{¦³¨Ç¤ÖÂàÅÜ¥H¦Ü¦³­«¤j§ï­²ªº¡A§¡
¥H4¦Ü10¦~±Ð¾Ç¦~¸êªº¬°¼Æ³Ì¦h¡A¦Ó³o¤@Äæªº¦Ê¤À²v¤À§G°ò¥»¤W»P¥Î¦~ÄÖ¤ÀªR
ªºµ²ªG®t¤£¦h¡C¦¹¥~¡A¦³±µ¨ü¼Æ¾Ç±Ð¾Ç°ö°Vªº¦Ñ®v¸û¦h§Æ±æ¦³­«¤jªº½Òµ{§ï­²¡C
¦Ü©ó¦³§_¥ô±Ð¬¡°Ê±Ð¾Ç©Î¥Ø¼Ð¬°¥»½Òµ{¯Z¯Åªº¡A±q¦Ê¤À¤ñ¬Ý¡A¦ü¥G»P¹ï½Òµ{§ï­²
ªººA«×¨ÃµL©úÅã¬ÛÃö¡C¥t¤@¤è­±¡A¥ô±Ð©ó¾Ç®Õµ{«×¸û§Cªº±Ð®v¡A¸ûÅwªï½Òµ{¦³©Ò
ÂàÅÜ¥H¦Ü¦³­«¤j§ï­²¡F¬Û¤Ï¡A¥ô±Ð©ó¾Ç®Õµ{«×¸û°ªªº±Ð®v¡A¸û¶É¦Vºû«ù²{ªp¡A¤£
¤j§Æ±æ¦³­«¤jªº½Òµ{§ï­²¡C¦Ü©ó³o¤@¨t¦C²{¶H­ì¦]¦ó¦b¡A«h¦³«Ý¶i¤@¨Bªº±´°Q¡C

ªí¤Q¤T¡G¹ï½Òµ{§ï­²ªº¬Ýªk

§A§Æ±æ­»´äªº¤p¾Ç¼Æ¾Ç½Òµ{¶i¦æ§ï­²¶Ü¡H
§Æ±æºû«ù²{ª¬¡A¤£­n§ïÅÜ
(N=28; 15.1%)
§Æ±æ¦³¨Ç¤ÖÂàÅÜ
(N=119; 64.0%)
§Æ±æ¦³­«¤j§ï­²
(N=25; 13.4%)
µLªí¹F·N¨£

(N=14; 7.5%)
©Ê§O
¨k		(N=64)
10.9%
60.9%
20.3%
 7.8%

¤k		(N=121)
17.4%
65.3%
 9.9%
 7.4%

<25 (N="37)" 21.6% 56.8% 8.1% 13.5% ¦~ÄÖ 25-30 (N="54)" 11.1% 68.5% 14.8% 5.6% 31-40 (N="48)" 8.3% 75.0% 14.6% 2.1%>40		(N=45)
22.2%
51.1%
15.6%
11.1%

1-3¦~	(N=62)
22.6%
54.8%
11.3%
11.3%
±Ð¾Ç¦~¸ê
4-10¦~	(N=46)
 6.5%
76.1%
15.2%
 2.2%

11¦~©Î¥H¤W
		(N=72)
15.3%
62.5%
13.9%
 8.3%
±µ¨ü¼Æ¾Ç
¦³		(N=126)
11.9%
65.9%
15.9%
 6.3%
±Ð¾Ç°ö°V
µL		(N=60)
21.7%
60.0%
 8.3%
10.0%
¶i¦æ¬¡°Ê±Ð¾Ç
¦³		(N=80)
15.0%
67.5%
10.0%
 7.5%

µL		(N=106)
15.1%
61.3%
16.0%
 7.5%
¥ô±Ð¥Ø¼Ð
¦³		(N=44)
13.6%
68.2%
13.6%
 4.5%
¬°¥»½Òµ{
µL		(N=142)
15.5%
62.7%
13.4%
 8.5%

°ª		(N=12)
25.0%
66.7%
 8.3%
 0.0%
¾Ç®Õµ{«×
¤¤		(N=160)
14.4%
63.1%
13.8%
 8.8%

§C		(N=13)
15.4%
69.2%
15.4%
 0.0%

¶ñµª§Æ±æºû«ù²{ª¬ªº±Ð®v©Ò´£¥Xªº­ì¦]¡A¥]¬A²{¦æ½Òµ{¤w¾A¦X¾Ç¥Í¡A¨Ã¤w°t
¦XªÀ·|»Ý­n¡A¤S©Î¸g¤w²ßºD¡A¬G¦¹¥H¤£Åܬ°¨Î¡F¥ç¦³±Ð®v´£¥X¬JµM¥Ø¼Ð¬°¥»½Òµ{
¤w¦b¹ê¬I¡AÁÙ¬O¥H¤£Åܬ°©y¡C§ó¦³±Ð®v«ü¥X®v¸ê°V½m¥¼¥²¯à°t¦X½Òµ{§ïÅÜ¡C¦Ü©ó
´£¥X½Òµ{À³§@¨Ç¤ÖÂàÅܪº±Ð®v¡A¥L­Ìªº²z¾Ú¥]¬A¥Ø«e½Òµ{¤º®e¤Ó¦h¡B¤Ó²`¡B­«ÂÐ
¡A¤S©Î¤£¦X®É©y¡B¤í¥Í¬¡¤Æµ¥¡A¥ç¦³«ü¥X½Òµ{¤í¯Ê±Òµo©Ê¡A¥¼¯à»P¤¤¾Ç½Òµ{°t¦X
¡C¦Ó»{¬°½Òµ{»Ý­n­«¤j§ï­²ªº±Ð®v¡A¥L­Ì©Ò´£¥Xªº­ì¦]¡A¥ç¤j­P¬Û¦P¡C

    ¦Ü©ó½Òµ{¤º®eÀ³§@¨Ç¤°»òÂàÅܩΧﭲ¡A§Æ±æ½Òµ{¦³©ÒÂàÅܩΦ³­«¤j§ï­²ªº¨â
²Õ±Ð®v´£¥Xªº¨ãÅ髨ij³£«Ü¬Û¦ü¡A¥]¬A§R´î¤º®e¡B°t¦X¤é±`¥Í¬¡¡B­«·s¤À°t½Òµ{
¡B§ïÅܽҵ{¦w±Æ¡B°t¦X¥®¸X¶é¤Î¤¤¾Ç½Òµ{¡B¼W¥[·s½Òµ{¤º®e¡B¼W¥[«ä¦Ò³¡¥÷¡B§ï
Åܵû®Ö¤è¦¡µ¥¡C´N½Òµ{ÂàÅܩΧﭲ«ØÄ³³o½ÒÃD¡A³Ì¦h±Ð®v´£¥Xªº¬O§R´î¤º®e¡A¨ä
¦¸¬O°t¦X¤é±`¥Í¬¡¡A¦A¨ä¦¸¬O¼W¥[·s½Òµ{¡B¼W¥[«ä¦Ò³¡¥÷©M§ïÅܵû®Ö¤è¦¡µ¥¡C©Ò
¿×§R´î¤º®e¡A¥]¬A¨ú®ø¹L®É©Î¤£¤Á¹ê»Ú³¡¥÷¡A¨Ò¦p¯]ºâ©Mù°¨¼Æ¦rµ¥¡C¦Ü©ó¼W¥[
·s½Òµ{¤º®e¡A«h¥]¬A¨Ò¦p¹q¸£©M­pºâ¾÷ªº¨Ï¥Îµ¥¡C¦Ó­«·s¤À°t½Òµ{¡A¨Ò¤l¤§¤@¬O
±N¤­¦~¯Å³¡¥÷½Òµ{¤º®e¤À°t¦Ü¸û°ª©Î¸û§C¦~¯Å¡C±q¥t¤@­Ó¨¤«×¬Ý¡A´Á±æ½Òµ{¦³©Ò
ÂàÅܤS©Î¦³­«¤j§ï­²ªº¨â²Õ±Ð®v§¡¦P®É¥D±i§R´î¤º®e¤Î°t¦X¤é±`¥Í¬¡¡A¦ý§Æ±æ¦³
¨Ç¤ÖÂàÅܪº¦ü¥G¸û¦hµÛ·N©ó°t¦X¥®¸X¶é¤Î¤¤¾Ç½Òµ{©M­«·s¤À°t½Òµ{¤º®e¡F¦Ó´£­Ò
­«¤j§ï­²ªº±Ð®v¡A«h¸û¦h¶É¦V©ó±j½Õ¼W¥[½Òµ{ªº«ä¦Ò³¡¥÷¡C¥H¤W¹ï½Òµ{ÅÜ­²ªº·N
¨£¡A§¡¦³¤@©wªº°Ñ¦Ò»ù­È¡C
µ²»y
¬O¦¸¤p¾Ç¼Æ¾Ç±Ð¾Ç·§ªp°Ý¨÷½Õ¬d¨Ã«D¥HÀH¾÷©â¼Ë¤è¦¡¶i¦æ¡A¥[¤W¼Ë¥»¤£¤j¡A
¬G¤£¯à¥Nªí¾ãÅé­»´ä¤p¾Ç±Ð®vªº·N¨£¡CÁöµM¦p¦¹¡A±q½Õ¬dµ²ªG¬Ý¨Ó¡A¤p¾Ç¼Æ¾Ç±Ð
®v¹ï±Ð¾Ç²{ª¬ªº¤£º¡¤£ºâ±j¯P¡C¦Ó±Ð®v­±¹ïªº°ÝÃD¡A¬J¦³¨Ó¦Û¾Ç¥Í¡A¤]¦³¨Ó¦Û±Ð
®v¹ï±Ð§÷ªº¿ï¨ú¡A»P¤Î¦Û¨­±a»â±Ð¾Ç¬¡°Êªº¯à¤O©M²{¦æ¤p¾Ç¼Æ¾Ç½Òµ{ªº¤º®e¡C´N
½Òµ{§ï­²¦Ó¨¥¡A±Ð®v¤¤§Æ±æ½Òµ{¦³­«¤j§ï­²ªº¥uÄÝ©ó¤Ö¼Æ¡C¹ï¤j³¡¥÷±Ð®v¦Ó¨¥¡A
§R´î¹L®Éªº©M¹L¦hªº½Òµ{¤º®e¡A¥[±j¼Æ¾Ç»P¤é±`¥Í¬¡ªºÃö«Y¡A¨Ã¼W¥[¾A¤Áªº·s¤º
®e¤w«Ü¨¬°÷¡C
¦AªÌ¡A­Y¹ï¤ñ¥h¦~¤ýºÑÁø¤k¤h©Ò§@¤§¤¤¾Ç¼Æ¾Ç±Ð®v¹ï¼Æ¾Ç½Òµ{§ï­²´Á±æªº½Õ
¬dµ²ªG (¤ýºÑÁø¡A1996)¡A¨ä¹ê¤]¦³¤@¨Ç¦³½ìªºÆ[¹î­È±oª`·N¡C¨Ò¦p¤p¾Ç±Ð®v²´¤¤
ªº¤p¾Ç¥Í¡A¦b¼Æ¾Ç¾Ç²ß¿³½ì©M«ä¦Òªº¥D°Ê©Ê¤è­±¦ü¥G¤ñ¦b¤¤¾Ç¨£¨ìªº±¡ªp­n¦n±o
¦h¡A°_½X±q±Ð®vªº¥DÆ[¨¤«×¬Ý¬O¦p¦¹¡C¤S¨Ò¦p¤¤¾Ç±Ð®v²´¤¤ªº¼Æ¾Ç¬ì¾Ç²ß¤º®e¡A
¨ä½ì¨ý©Ê¤Î¹ê¥Î©Ê§¡¤ñ¤p¾Ç±Ð®v©Òµ¹ªºµû»ù¬°§C¡C¤Z¦¹ºØºØ°ÝÃD¡A©|¦³¤£¤Ö¥i¨Ñ
µo±¸±´°Q¤ñ¸ûªº¦a¤è¡C¥Ñ©ó¥»¤åªºµJÂI¦b©ó·í«e¤p¾Ç¼Æ¾Ç±Ð¾Çªº¹êªp¡A³o¨Ç¦³½ì
ªº°ÝÃD´N¼È¥B±q²¤¡C

³o¦¸°Ý¨÷½Õ¬d¡A¹ï­»´ä¤p¾Ç¼Æ¾Çªº±Ð¾Ç¹êªp¡A´£¨Ñ¤F¤@ÂI¨ãÅ馳¥Îªº¸ê®Æ¡C
¤£¹L¡A¤F¸Ñ¹ê»Ú±¡ªp¥u¬Oµo®i·s½Òµ{ªº¤@­Ó°ò¦¡C­n¹F­P¯u¥¿ªº½Òµ{§ï­²¡A°£¤F
­n­«·s½s¼g¾A¦X®É¥N»Ý¨Dªº½Òµ{ºõ­n¡A¥Xª©¦³¤ô·Çªº±Ð¬ì®Ñ¡A¤]¥²¶·¤F¸Ñ­»´ä¤p
¾Ç¼Æ¾Ç±Ð®vªº¯S½è¡A½Ñ¦p¥L­Ìªº±Ð¾ÇÆ[©M¼Æ¾ÇÆ[¡A¥L­Ì©Ò¨üªº­­¨î¤Î©Ò­±¹ïªº«ÈÆ[
§xÃø¡A¥H§@¥X¬ÛÀ³ªº±¹¬I¤©¥H°ö°V¡B¨ó§U¤Î¤ä´©¡C¥u¦³¾A¤Áªº°ö°V¡A¦b±Ð¾Ç©M«ä·Q
¤Wªºªø´Á¤ä«ù©M¤ä´©µ¥¡A¤~¯à³vº¥°ö¾i±Ð®vªº¤Ï«ä¯à¤O¡A¦b­±¹ï°ÝÃD©M§xÃø®É¯à§@
¥X¾A·í©ú´¼ªº³B²z¡A½Òµ{§ï­²¤~¯à¯u¥¿¹F­P¦¨¥\¡A¾Ç¥Í¾Ç²ß¥H¦Ü¾ãÅé±Ð¨|½è¯À¤~¯à
Àò­P§ïµ½©M´£¤É¡C§Ú­Ì§Æ±æ¬O¦¸±Ð¾Ç¹êªp½Õ¬dªºµ²ªG¡A¹ï©ó¥Ø«e¥¿¦b¶i¦æªº­×­q¤p
¾Ç¼Æ¾Ç½Òµ{¿Ô¸ß¤u§@¡A¯à°÷´£¨Ñ¤@¨Ç«ä¦Ò©M°Q½×ªº§÷®Æ¡A¥O±N¨Ó·sªº¼Æ¾Ç½Òµ{¡A»P
±Ð¾Ç²{¹ê°t¦X±o§ó¦n¡A±Ð®v¡B¾Ç¥Í³£¾Ç²ß´r§Ö¡C
»ïÁÂ
§@ªÌÂÔ¦¹¦V¤ýºÑÁø¤k¤h­P·N¡A·PÁ¦o¤¹³\§Ú­Ì¤Þ¥Î¦oªº°Ý¨÷¶i¦æ¬ã¨s¡C¦¹¥~¥ç·PÁ³¯°û¬À¤p©j¨ó§U³B²z°Ý¨÷¸ê®Æ¤Î¼Æ
¾Ú²Î­p¤u§@¡A»P¤Î°ª§Ó¤¤¥ý¥Í¨ó§U¾ã²z°Ý¨÷¶ñ¼gªº¸ê®Æ¡C¬O¦¸½Õ¬d±o¥H¶¶§Q¶i¦æ¡A¥þ¿à­»´ä¤¤¤å¤j¾Ç±Ð¨|¾Ç°|¥þ¤é¨î
¾Ç¤h¾Ç¦ì½Òµ{¼Æ¾Ç¬ì²{©¡¤Î²¦·~¦P¾Ç¨ó§U¬£µo°Ý¨÷¡A»P¤Î©Ò¦³¶ñµª°Ý¨÷ªº¦Ñ®v¤À¨É¥L­ÌÄ_¶Qªº±Ð¾Ç¸gÅç¡A§@ªÌ¦b¦¹ÂÔ
¦V¥L­Ì­P¥H°J¤ßÁ·N¡C

µùÄÀ
[1]¥»¤å´¿©ó­»´ä¤¤¤å¤j¾Ç½Òµ{»P±Ð¾Ç¾Ç¨t¥D¿ì¤§¼Æ¾Ç±Ð¨|¬ã°Q·|¡G¡q·s®É¥N°ò¦¼Æ¾Ç±Ð¨|¡r(1997¦~5¤ë17¤é) ¤À²Õ
¬ã°Q½×¤å«ÅŪ¤¤µoªí¡C¦b¥»¥Z­«¦L®É¥u§@¤F¤Ö¶q¼W§R¡A¨Ã§R¥hªþ¿ý³¡¤À¤§°Ý¨÷­ì¤å¡C
[2]	¤å¤º¦Uªí¤¤©Ò¦C¥X¤§¦Ê¤À²v¡A¦p¦³Á`©M¨Ã«D 100% ®É¡A¤D¥Ñ©ó¸ÓÃD¤§¿ï¾Ü¥i¶ñµª¦h©ó¤@¶µ¡A³o±¡ªp¥i±qÃD·N±o
ª¾¡C¦Ü©ó¦Ê¤À²v¤§¼Æ­È«h¦bºJ°£º|¶ñ¸ÓÃD¤§¤Ö¼Æ°Ý¨÷ (§Y¡umissing value¡v) «á­pºâ¦Ó±o¡A±©·íº|¶ñ¼Æ¥Ø¸û¦h®É¡A·|¥H
¡uN= ¡v¦C¥X¹ê»Ú¶ñµª¤H¼Æ§@¬°°Ñ¦Ò (¨Ò¦pªí¤»)¡C
[3]	¥H¤U¦Uªí¤¤©Ò¦C¶µ¥Øªº­^¤å½s¸¹ (a)¡B(b)¡B(c) µ¥¡A§¡¬°­ì°Ý¨÷¤º¦U¶µ¥Øªº½s§Ç¡C¬°¤è«K¹ï·Ó­ì°Ý¨÷¡A¦b¦¹«O¯d
¥H§@°Ñ¦Ò¡C
[4]	ªí¤@¤º¨â²Õ¤D¤ÀÄÝ¥¿­±¤Î­t­±¤§¶µ¥Ø¡A¨Ã«ö²Ä¤@Äæ¼Æ¾Ú¤§¼Æ­È¤j¤p¥Ñ°ª¦Ü§C±Æ¦C¡C
[5]	ªí¤G¡Bªí¥|¡Bªí¤­¡Bªí¤C¡Bªí¤K©Mªí¤Q¤º¤§¶µ¥Ø§¡«ö²Ä¤@Äæ¼Æ¾Ú¤§¼Æ­È¤j¤p¥Ñ°ª¦Ü§C±Æ¦C¡C


°Ñ¦Ò¤åÄm ¤ýºÑÁø (1996)¡C¡q°Ý¨÷½Õ¬d­»´ä¤¤¾Ç¼Æ¾Ç±Ð®v¹ï¼Æ¾Ç½Òµ{§ï­²ªº´Á±æ¡r¡C¡m¼Æ¾Ç±Ð¨|¡n¡A²Ä3´Á¡A­¶4-8¡C ­»´ä½Òµ{µo®i©e­û·| (1983)¡C¡m¤p¾Ç½Òµ{ºõ­n¡X¼Æ¾Ç¬ì¡n¡C­»´ä¡G±Ð¨|¸p¡C ­»´ä½Òµ{µo®iij·| (1997)¡C¡m¤p¾Ç½Òµ{ºõ­n¡X¼Æ¾Ç¬ì (¤jºõªì½Z)¡n¡C­»´ä¡G±Ð¨|¸p¡C ¶À®a»ï¡BªL´¼¤¤¡B¶À¼Ý­^ (1995)¡C¡q­»´ä¤p¾Ç¼Æ¾Ç±Ð¾Ç²{ªpªº±´°Q¡r¡C¡mªìµ¥±Ð¨|¾Ç³ø¡n¡A5¨÷ 2´Á¡A­¶11-17¡C
¦^¡m¼Æ¾Ç±Ð¨|¡n ²Ä¥|´Á¥Ø¿ý